TENSES (Active & Passive)

“TENSES”

1.       SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (Kebiasaan) : bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang dikerjakan atau yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan sehari-hari.

v  Ciri-ciri : every day, every week, every Sunday, every year, etc.

v  Rumus ACTIVE :

HE/SHE/IT+V1s/es+O

I/WE/THEY/YOU+V1+O

(+)

HE/SHE/IT+does not+V1+s/es+O

I/WE/THEY/YOU+do not+V1+O

                        (-)

Do+I/WE/THEY/YOU+V1+O

Does+HE/SHE/IT+V1s/es+O

                        (?)                         

v  Rumus PASIVVE :

O+to be(is,am,are)+V3+by+S

(+)

O+to be(is,am,are)+not+V3+S

(-)

To be+O+V3+by+S

(?)

v  Contoh :

ACTIVE

                (+) She eats pizza

                (-) She does not eats pizza

                (?) Does she eat pizza?

PASSIVE

                (+) Pizza is eaten by her

                (-) Pizza is not eaten by her

                (?) Is pizza eaten by her?

2.       Present Continous Tense : bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung /sedang dikerjakan.

v  Ciri-ciri : now, right now, today, this morning, listen!, look!, etc

v  Rumus ACTIVE :

S+to be(is,am,are)+V1ing+O

(+)

S+to be(is,am,are)+not+V1ing+O

(-)

To be(is,am,are)+S+V1ing+O

(?)

v   Rumus PASSIVE :

O+to be(is,am,are)+being+V3+by+S

(+)

O+to be(is,am,are)+not+being+V3+by+S

(-)

To be(is,am,are)+O+being+V3+by+S

(?)

v  Contoh :

ACTIVE

    (+) She is reading magazine now

    (-) She is not reading magazine now

    (?) Is she reading magazine now ?

PASSIVE

(+) Magazine is being read by her now

(-) Magazine is not being read by her now

(?) Is magazine being read by her now

3.       PRESENT PERFECT TENSE : suatu bentuk kalimat dalam bahasa inggris yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dikerjakan pada masa lampau. Masa lampau di sini bisa sekarang, baru saja, tadi, kemarin, minggu lalu, bulan lalu, tahun lalu, dsb.

v  Ciri-ciri : since, three times, two times, for

v  Rumus ACTIVE :

S+to be(has/have)+V3+O

(+)

S+to be(has/have)+not+V3+O

(-)

Has/have+S+V3+O

(?)

NB : - Has(She,He,It)                                               - Have(They,We,I,You)

v   Rumus PASSIVE :

O+Has/have+been+V3+by+S

(+)

O+Has/have++not+been+V3+by+S

(-)

Has/have+O+V3+by+S

(?)

v  Contoh :

ACTIVE

(+) She has eaten pizza since a month ago

(-) She has not eaten pizza since a month ago

(?) Has She eaten pizza since a month ago?

PASSIVE

(+) Pizza has been eaten by her

(-) Pizza has not been eaten by her

(?) Has pizza eaten by her since a month ago?

4.       PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE : bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian masa lampaun& berlangsung sampai sekarang & kejadian itu mungkin masih dilakukan di masa mendatang.

v  Ciri-ciri : all week, all day, since, for ten years, etc.

v 

S+to be(has/have)+been+V1ing+O

Rumus :

v  Contoh :

          1. I have been working here for two hours.

      2. They have been training English for year.

5.       SIMPLE PAST TENSE : bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi di masa lampau dan tidak ada hubungannya sama sekali dengan masa sekarang.

v  Ciri-ciri : last week, yesterday, last years, ago, last Sunday, etc.

v  Rumus ACTIVE :

Did+S+V1+O

S+did not+V1+O

S+V2+O

(+)                                                (-)                                                          (?)

v  Rumus PASSIVE :

O+Was/Were+not+V3+by+S

O+Was/Were+V3+by+S

(+)                                                                                                (-)

Was/Were+O+V3+by+S

                                        (?)

v  Contoh :

ACTIVE

(+) She ate pizza yesterday

(-) She did not eat pizza yesterday

(?) Did she eat pizza yesterday?

PASSIVE

(+) Pizza was eaten by her yesterday

(-) Pizza was not eaten by her yesterday

(?) Was pizza eaten by her yesterday?

6.       PAST CONTINOUS TENSE : bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung di masa lampau.

v 

S+Was/Were+V1ing+O

Rumus ACTiVE :

v 

O+To be(Was/Were)+being+V3+by+S

Rumus PASSIVE :

v  Contoh :

                1. Jane was sweeping the floor.

                2. They were hunting some rabbits.

                3. I was writing a lesson all day, yesterday.

                4. They were studying math yesterday.

1. The floor was being swept by Jane

2. Some Rabbits were being hunt by them.

3. A lesson was being written by me all day, yesterday.

4. Math was being studied by them, yesterday.

7.       PAST PERFECT TENSE : bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian  di masa lalu yang sempurna selesai/sebelum perbuatan lain dilakukan.

v  Rumus:
(+) Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) + object
(-) Subject + had + not + verb III + object
(?) Had + subject + verb III + object ?

v  Contoh :

(+) They had been here before 1945
(-) They had not been here before 1945
(?) Had they been here before 1945 ?

8.       PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE : bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian di masa lampau yang berlangsung sebelum terjadi peristiwa lain.

v  Rumus :
(+) Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
(-) Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
(?) Had + subject + been + object ?

v  Contoh :
(+) He had been living in Jakarta about ten years
(-) He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
(?) Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ?

9.   SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE : bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang akan dikerjakan di waktu mendatang.

v  Ciri-ciri : tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next Monday, etc.

v  Rumus :

        (+) Subject + will/shall + verb I + object

        (+) Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object
(-) Subject + will/shall + verb I + object
(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I + object
(?) Will/shall + subject + verb I + object
(?) Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object

v  Contoh :
(+) We will go to school soon
(-) We will not go to school soon
(?) Will we go to school soon ?

                (+) The students are going to have a test next month

                (-) The students are not going to have a test next
                (?) Are the students going to have a test next month ?

10. FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE : bentuk waktu yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan(sedang) berlangsung pada waktu mendatang.

v  Ciri-ciri : at five next week, at this time tomorrow, etc.

v  Rumus :

(+) Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object
(-) Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object
(?) Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object

v  Contoh :

(+) I will be watching a movie tonight
(-) I will not be watching a movie tonight
(?) Will you be watching a movie tonight ?

11. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE : bentuk waktu yang manyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah dilakukan di masa lampau selesai pada waktu lain di masa yang akan datang.

v  Ciri-ciri : by the time, by the end of, before, etc.

v  Rumus :

                        (+) Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement
                                Subject + shall/will + have + verb III + object
                        (-) Subject + shall/will + not + been + complement
                                Subject + shall/will + not + have + verb III + object
                        (?) Shall/will + subject + been + complement

                                Shall/will + subject + have + verb III + object ?

v  Contoh :
        (+) I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
        (-) I will not have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning
        (?) Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow morning ?

12. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE : bentuk waktu yang menyatakan perbuatan yang sudah terjadi di masa lampau & perbuatan itu mungkin akan berlangsung pada waktu yang berlainan di masa mendatang.

v  Rumus :

                (+) Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + object

                (-) Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb-ing + object
                (?) Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object ?

v  Contoh :

                (+) My grandmother will have been visiting us tomorrow morning

                (-) My grandmother will not have been visiting us tomorrow morning

                (?) Will your grandmother have been visiting you tomorrow morning?

        13. PAST FUTURE TENSE : brntuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan                                                       di masa lampau yang akan dilakukan.

v  Rumus :

(+) Subject + should/would + be + object

        Subject + should/would + verb I + object

(-) Subject + should/would + not + be + object

        Subject + should/would + not + verb + object
(?) Should/would + subject + be + object ?
        Should/would + subject + verb I + object ?

v  Contoh :
        (+) He should be in Banten next month
        (-) He should not be in Banten next month
        (?) Should he be in Banten next month ?

14. PAST FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE : bentuk waktu untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang akan (sedang) dilaksanakan di masa lampau.

v  Rumus :

                (+) Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing + object
                (-) Subject + should/would + not + be + verb-ing + object
                (?) Should/would + subject + be + verb-ing + object ?

v  Contoh :

                (+) My brother would be finishing Thesis last week
                (-) My brother would not be finishing Thesis last week
                (?) Would your brother be finishing Thesis last week?

        15. PAST FUTURE PERFECT TENSE : bentuk yang menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau yang akan selesai & manakala syaratnya dipenuhi.

v  Rumus :

                (+) Subject + should/would + have + been + complement
                        Subject + should/would + have + verb III + object
                (-) Subject + should/would + not + have + been + complement

                        Subject + should/would + not + have + verb III + object
                (?) Should/would + subject + have + been + complement ?
                        Should/would + subject + have + verb III + object ?

v  Contoh :
(+) My mother should have been here at nine o’clock tomorrow

(-) My mother should not have been here at nine o’clock tomorrow

(?) Should your mother have been here at nine o’clock tomorrow ?

16.  PAST FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE : bentuk yang menyatakan perbuatan di masa lampau yang akan sudah sedang berlangsung.

v  Rumus :

(+) Subject + should/would + have + been + verb-ing + object
(-) Subject + should/would + not + have + been + verb-ing + object
(?) Should/would + subject + have + been + verb-ing + object ?

v  Contoh :

                (+) I would have working in leading companies for 10 years
                (-) I would not have working in leading companies for 10 years
                (?) Would you have working in leading companies for 10 years ?