Reported Speech (Direct and Indirect)

REPORTED SPEECH (DIRECT & INDIRECT)

Reported Speech atau Kalimat Laporan adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk melaporkan apa kata orang lain dengan memasukkannya dalam kalimat yang kita buat sendiri. Kalimat laporan ini sering juga disebut dengan Kalimat Tak Langsung.

Direct Speech (kalimat langsung) adalah kalimat langsung yang dikatakan oleh si pembicara. Contoh kalimat direct speech menggunakan tanda kutip pada isi percakapannya.

Indirect Speech (kalimat tak langsung) adalah kalimat yang mengatakan/melaporkan kembali ucapan seseorang tanpa mengubah maksud atau isi perkataan si pembicara. Indirect Speech bisa juga disebut reported speech (kalimat yang dilaporkan).

1.      Imperative

a.       Positive Commond

Example :

1.       Direct   : The teacher said to me “speel your name”.

Indirect            : The teacher told to speel my name.

2.       Direct   : He said to her : “Put your book on my table.”

Indirect            : He asked her to put her book on his table.

b.      Negative Commond

Example :

1.       Direct   : He said to me : “Don’t read my diary, please”.

Indirect            : He told to me not to read his diary.

2.       Direct   : The boy said : “Don’t sit under that tree”.

Indirect            : The boy told not to sit under that tree.

      2.   Statement

      Pada penggunaan jenis kalimat ini, kata sambung yang kita gunakan adalah that. Namun kata ini bisa dipakai atau boleh juga tidak dipakai.

Example :

1.       Direct   : He says to me : “I want to go to Surabaya tomorrow”.

Indirect   : He says to me that he wants to go to Surabaya tomorrow.

2.       Direct   : He said to me : “I will go to Surabaya tomorrow”.

Indirect   : He told me that he would go to Surabaya tomorrow.

3.       Direct   : George said," My mother will go to Bali today."

Indirect      : George said (that) his mother would go to Bali today.

4.       Direct   : "I have phoned the police," John said.

Indirect      : John said that he had phoned the police.

5.       Alex : I am a student.

Bob : What did Alex say, Andy?

Andy : Alex said that he was a student.

Notes:

1.       Perubahan hari dan tempat sangat tergantung pada situasi pada saat berbicara. Artinya dapat saja berganti, namun dapat juga tidak.

2.       Tanda petik tidak lagi digunakan.

DIRECT	INDIRECT
Verb I	Verb II
Verb II	Had + Verb III
Am, is, are	Was, were
Was, ware	Had, been
Have/has	Had
Shall	Should
Will + Verb I	Would + Verb I
Must	Had to
Can	Could
Could + Verb I	Could Have + Verb III
May	Might
Might	Might Have + Verb III
Would	Would Have + Verb III

Change in the adverbs :

1.       Here à there

2.       Now à than

3.       …. ago à …. before

4.       Last … à the ….before

5.       Last night à the night before

6.       Tomorrow à the next day/the following day

7.       Next week à the next week/the following week

8.       Yesterday à the day before/the following day

He said    :     1. Don’t ……                              à not to ……

                     2. Open (verb) ……                    à to Open (verb) ……

                     3. I/She/He (subject) ……         à that + subject ……

                     4. Where/when ……                  à where/when + subject ……

                     5. Do/does/did

                     6. Am/is/are                                           if / whether

                     7. Will/can                                             + Subject

                     8. Have/has/had+subject

Referensi (Adverbial Clause, Command and Request, Reported Speech :

1.       Rogers, Tomy. Information English. Jakarta : Widya Utama

2.       Sundaya, Wachyu, dkk. English in Context. Grafindo

3.       Supono, Idi. 2008. English Grammar. Wahyu Media

4.       Cyssco, Dhanny R. 2005. Intisari Tata Bahasa Inggris untuk SMA. Kawan Pustaka

5.       Supono, Idi. Direct Speech and Indirect Speech.